ADIPOSE TISSUE STEREOLOGY ACTIVATOR
tumour necrosis factor-, interleukin-6, adiponectin, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The T1-mapping method improves the definition of AT. The classical perception of adipose tissue as a storage place of fatty acids has been replaced over the last years by the notion that adipose tissue has a central role in lipid and glucose metabolism and produces a large number of hormones and cytokines, e.g. The suggested method also provides an output with smaller in-slice AT intensity variations. Stereology analysis, visceral adiposity index, gene expression, and immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) in visceral adipose tissue and plasma TNF- were also assessed. Compared to the image-based method, the T1-mapping method gives better histogram separation of AT in whole-body volumes. Histological analyses of adipose tissue, jejunum, liver, and pancreas were performed. The T1-mapping method segmented more of the reference AT than the image-based method, with mean values (standard deviations (SDs)) of 87.7(5.1)% and 81.1(5.2)%, respectively. The results were evaluated using manually segmented slices as reference. BlandAltman difference analysis demonstrated a mean bias of 2.9 (as a portion of total abdominal area) for visceral adipose tissue and +0.4 for subcutaneous adipose tissue, as measured by MRI compared with CT. AT was automatically segmented from the T1 maps and from the original image slices. We found good agreement between CT and MRI for the measurement of both visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Whole-body T1 maps were calculated from each pair of whole-body volumes. Two whole-body volumes were acquired from each subject using two different flip angles. This review presents an overview of the endocrine functions of adipose tissue.To determine whether a whole-body T1-mapping acquisition method improves the definition of adipose tissue (AT) and simplifies automated AT segmentation compared to an image-based method.
A better understanding of the endocrine function of adipose tissue will likely lead to more rational therapy for these increasingly prevalent disorders. Despite the presence of hematopoietic lineage cells in adipose tissue, it is unclear whether the adipose compartment has a direct role in immune surveillance or host defense. Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells that can transform into various cell types, including fat cells, bone cells, cartilage cells, and muscle cells, among others.
ADIPOSE TISSUE STEREOLOGY PDF
The important endocrine function of adipose tissue is emphasized by the adverse metabolic consequences of both adipose tissue excess and deficiency. Adipose tissue is a large immunologically active organ during obesity and displays hallmarks of both and innate and adaptive immune response. Adipose tissue is a specialized type of connective tissue that arises from the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes during fetal development. Request PDF Histology, histochemistry and stereology of the adipose fin of Prochilodus lineatus The adipose fin is small, nonpared, and usually located medially between the dorsal and caudal fin. Adipose tissue is also a major site for metabolism of sex steroids and glucocorticoids. These factors include leptin, other cytokines, adiponectin, complement components, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, proteins of the renin-angiotensin system, and resistin. Adipose tissue not only responds to afferent signals from traditional hormone systems and the central nervous system but also expresses and secretes factors with important endocrine functions. Together these components function as an integrated unit. The protocol consists of three individual APPs with outputs related to the membrane-to-cell ratio, the size of cells, and the shape of cells, respectively. Besides adipocytes, adipose tissue contains connective tissue matrix, nerve tissue, stromovascular cells, and immune cells. Iron Hematoxylin, Adipose Tissue This protocol can be used to evaluate the homo- or heterogeneity of adipose tissue based on size and shape of the cells.
(III) Eventually, adipose tissue segmentation was performed, and body fat percentage calculated from total body volume and adipose tissue volume using Hounsfield units in the range 133 to 432. Adipose tissue is a complex, essential, and highly active metabolic and endocrine organ. The resulting volume of interest (VOI), constituting the whole bed volume, was then masked.